Landan khuado Record.......

Arrived London on 17..
As usual traveling by bus means tiredful and exhausted. I wish I had my own jet.

Anyway on 18 was the main festival. We had introduction, preachings from Dr Cin Do Kham(from USA) and general dicussions during the day. In the evening was song session. I didn't prepare for anything but when I arrived there some friends invited me to play guitar. So I was on the list of musicians hehehe... Sounds good..

It was a long day I supposed. I met some new people, that is good for me. I eat my traditional food, that is good for me as well. I could spent my time with my friends, that was the best.
Most importantly it was my birthday and instead of spending time alone I celebrated my brithday in a differentway, that is good again.

Long days, terrible nights, plentiful experiences in four days....

Arrived back home yesterday at 10.. It was already dark.

Below are some photos just for memory..

Some days before this, exactly on the 8 of August, I took part in a public demonstration in London out side Burmese embassy to commemorate the 8888 massacre. I don't think it is worth to put ourself into dangers by doing this thing which I don't believe will effect the government at all. But on the other hand this is the only way to express our angers. So still it is worth trying.
Here are some photos again.

I entered into another page of the book of my life. I don't know how many page I have more. The current page have been pretty colourful; sharp red, deep dark, iressistabel orange.
I had new year party with my people from the place where I come from. It is our traditional festival.

What is the world?

What is the world's fastest airplane?

The X-43 reached Mach 9.8 but it was an unmanned flight.

The X-15 reached Mach 6.72, but it is a rocket powered aircraft.

The Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird, which made its first flight on December 22, 1964, is still considered to be the world's fastest airplane reaching Mach 3.2 or 2,193.167 MPH in July 1976.

The Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird holds many speed records including flying from New York to London, covering 3,461.53 miles in 1 hour 54 minutes and 56.4 seconds, averaging 1,806.95 MPH.

What was the world's fastest boat?

The first water speed record was recorded on September 19, 1919 when Casey Baldwin throttled his Hydro dome IV up to a watery 70.86 MPH.

The current world's fastest boat is the Spirit of Australia which Ken Warby managed to get up to 317.60 MPH or 511.13 KM/H at Blowering Dam in New South Wales, Australia on October 08, 1978.

What is the world's fastest bird?

The world's fastest bird is also the world's fastest animal on our planet.

When the Peregrine Falcon spots prey it goes into a controlled dive easily reaching speed of 200 MPH or 320 KM/H.

The fastest speed the Peregrine Falcon reached ever recorded was an amazing 242.3 MPH or 390 KM/H.

What is the world's fastest car?

Ever since the car was invented people wanted to go fast which soon enough resulted in the competition for the land speed record.

Back on December 18, 1898 Frenchman Achères, Yvelines set the first benchmark for the land speed record taking his electric Jeantaud Duc up to a head turning 39.24 MPH.

The current fastest car is the Thrust SSC which was driven by Andy Green for Richard Noble at the Black Rock Desert in Nevada.

In October 1997 Andy Green took the Thrust SSC up to an ear deafening Mach 1.02, which is 763.035 MPH of 1227.94 KM/H.

What is the world's fastest computer?

Apparently the world's fastest computer is your brain, but with some of the people we know we really question that claim.

Omitting the brain, and being familiar with computers, we know that this page will probably be outdated by the time it loads on your computer, but as of 5:59 AM PST on Tuesday, November 14, 2006 the world's fastest computer is the Blue Gene/L.

The Blue Gene/L was developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and can perform at up to 360 teraflops with a sustained performance of 280.6 teraflops.

Just to give you an idea how fast that is, the XBOX 360 performs at about 1 teraflop which is 1 trillion calculations per second.

What is the world's fastest fish?

The world's fastest fish can be found throughout all the oceans of the world.

The world's fastest fish has been clocked at speeds over 68 MPH, which is quite a feat for a fish weighing up to 200 pounds.

The world's fastest fish is no other than the sailfish.

What is the world's fastest helicopter?

Keep in mind that the maximum speed a rotor helicopter can reach, in theory, before spinning out of control is just over 250 miles per hour.

Now that you know that, at an European air show on August 6, 1986 a Westland Lynx ZB500, that was slightly modified, reached a speed of 249.1 miles per hour or 400.8 km/h, making it the world's fastest helicopter.

Who is the world's fastest man?

The 100 meter dash is the race that determines the world's fastest man as it did in May 2006 when American Justin Gatlin posted 9.76 seconds, breaking the current record by 0.01 seconds and giving him the title of the world's fastest man.

Unfortunately for Justin Gatlin his reign as the world's fastest man was short lived as there was a scoring error and his time should have been rounded up to the nearest 1/1000 of a second instead of down as it was thus his time was adjusted to 9.77 seconds.

Justin Gatlin now shares the title of world's fastest man with Jamaican Asafa Powell who has also run a 9.77 second 100 meters.

What is the world's fastest motorcycle?

If you enjoy seeing motorcycles go really fast make sure you don't miss the annual BUB Motorcycle Speed Trials at the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah.

During the 2006 BUB Motorcycle Speed Trials Denis Manning and the BUB Racing team set the new absolute motorcycle land speed record when rider Chris Carr piloted the BUB #7 Streamliner 354.832 MPH on the down run and 346.939 on the return, for an average of 350.885 MPH.

The next BUB Motorcycle Speed Trials are set to be held September 2 - 6, 2007.

What is the world's fastest roller coaster?

How much would you pay to be the first rider on the world's fastest roller coaster?

Jeremy Delong paid just under $1,700.00 in an eBay auction to get the first seat on the inaugural run of Kingda Ka at Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson, New Jersey on May 20, 2005.

Kingda Ka goes from 0 to 128 MPH or 204.8 KM/H in just 3.3 seconds, becoming the first roller coaster to surpass the 200 KM/H mark.

Kingda Ka is also the world's tallest roller coaster reaching 456 feet before plunging back down at over 120 MPH once again.

What is the world's fastest sport?

Yes we know there is car racing and boat racing and plane racing an maybe even rocket racing, and those sports are fast, but we are strictly interested in human powered sports.

Jai-Alai is a game that originated in Spain and has been billed as the world's fastest sport with the ball leaving the cesta, a long, curved wicker scoop strapped to one arm, at speeds of up to 180 MPH.

Unfortunately for Jai-Alai, Badminton has taken over the title, a shuttlecock has been recently clocked at 332 KM/H or 206 MPH.

What is the world's fastest train?

The world's fastest train is Shanghai's maglev train.

Manglev stands for magnetic levitation, a technology that has been around since 1984 but has not been used commercial due to the costs.

Shanghai opened an 18.6 mile stretch in March, 2004 running from the airport to downtown which the train covers in 7 minutes 20 seconds while peaking out at 268 MPH or 431 KM/H.

Who is the world's fastest woman?

The world's fastest woman is American Florence Griffith-Joyner.

Florence Griffith-Joyner set the current world's record for the 100 meters in Indianapolis, Indiana on July 16, 1988 covering the distance in a mere 10.49 seconds.

So what is the longest alphabet in the world?

This is an easy one, maybe not easy to learn.

Country:	Cambodian
Number of letters:	74

Just for the record, Rotokas, the native language of the Solomon Islands has only 11 letters, and is the shortest alphabet.

In case you are wondering, Chinese use symbols, not letters, but there are about 5,000 of them. Can you imagine the keyboard?

What is the world's longest abbreviation?

Our first question is 'why is abbreviation such a long word?'

This abbreviation may just explain it, it is the world's longest abbreviation containing 56 letters:

NIIOMTPLABOPARMBETZHELBETRABSBOM
ONIMONKONOTDTEKHSTROMONT

Meaning: Laboratory for Shuttering, Reinforcement, Concrete and Ferroconcrete Operations for Composite-monolithic and Monolithic Constructions of the Department of Technology of Building Assembly Operations of the Scientific Research Institute of the Organization for Building Mechanization and Technical Aid of the Academy of Building and Architecture of the USSR.

What is the longest album title in the world?

The longest album title that we could find that actually made the charts is by Fiona Apple.

The album title contains 90 words and, including spaces, 446 characters.

And here it is:

When the Pawn Hits the Conflicts He Thinks Like a King What He Knows Throws the Blows When He Goes to the Fight and He'll Win the Whole Thing 'Fore He Enters the Ring There's No Body to Batter When Your Mind Is Your Might So When You Go Solo, You Hold Your Own Hand and Remember That Depth Is the Greatest of Heights and If You Know Where You Stand, Then You Know Where to Land and If You Fall It Won't Matter, Cuz You'll Know That You're Right

What is the world's longest airplane?

On December 21, 1981 the world's longest airplane made it's maiden flight.

The An-225, which is built by the Russian company Antonov, was manufactured to carry the Buran orbiter, Russia's version of the Space Shuttle.

The An-225 holds over 200 records, including the world's longest airplane at 84 meters or 276 feet.

Other stats:

• Payload: 250,000 kilograms or 551,000 pounds

• Wingspan: 88.40 meters or 291 feet 2 inches

• Height: 18.1 meters or 59.3 feet

• Weight: 175,000 kilograms org 385,800 pounds

• Maximum speed: 850 km/h or 530 mph

• Range: 14,000 kilometers or 8,700 miles

There was only one An-225 ever built, a second was started, but not completed.

Antonov An-225

So what is the longest bridge in the world?

We thought this would be an easy one, but...

The general rule for judging the longest bridge is the length of the span, so the according to this rule the winner is:

Name: Akashi Kaykio
Location: Kobe, Japan
Date Built: 1998
Span: 1991 Meters - 6532 Feet

Akashi Kaykio Bridge

Lake Pontchartrain Causeway in Louisiana is the listed in Guinness Book of World Records as the longest bridge at
23 miles 1538 yards. The bridge is supported by 9500 pilings, thus does not meet the requisite of the longest span.

Lake Pontchartrain Causeway

How long is the longest building in the world?

In Osaka Bay, Japan an artificial island was built measuring 4 kms. long and 1 km. wide. This is the site of the Kansai International Airport, which so far cost about $15 Billion to build.

The terminal at Kansai International Airport (KIX) is 1.7 km long, making it the longest building in the world.

What is the world's longest bus?

In October 2004 Volvo launched the world's longest bus.

The B12M bus is manufactured by Volvo Buses in Brazil and boasts a 12 liter, 340 hp engine.

The bus is 26.8 meters or 87.93 feet long and can seat 300 passengers.

In all 30 buses have been ordered by Viação Campo Belo of Brazil, one of the largest bus operators in the Sao Paolo area.

So what exactly is the longest car in the world?

Length: 30.5 Meters of 100 Feet
Type: Limousine
Designer: Jay Ohrberg of Burbank California

Features: Includes a swimming pool with a diving board and a king size water bed.

Notes: This car was mainly used in films and exhibitions.

What was the world's longest cricket match?

A Cricket match takes long time to play to begin with but test cricket is even longer with most test matches scheduled to last 5 days.

Back in the time when your grandfather walked to school, uphill both ways in 3 feet of snow, test matches were scheduled to play to their conclusion.

The longest cricket match was between South Africa and England in Durban, South Africa and began on March 03, 1939 and continued till March 14, 1939, although they did not play on the 5th, 11th or 12th.

Unfortunately England had to catch a boat home on the 15th so after play on the 14th the match was called a draw and both teams went home.

The world's longest cricket match spanned 43 hours and 16 minutes of playing time in which 1,981 runs were scored.

Who has the longest legs in the world?

We had fun researching this one and here are our results:

Sam Stacey from England has legs measuring 126.36 cm. or 49.75 inches. She is 193 cm. or 6'4" tall, so her legs make up over 64% of her height.

Ana Hickmann came up as the model with the longest legs. Her legs measure in at 117 cm. comprising 65% of her 180 cm. body.

So what is the longest movie ever made?

Well, depends what you consider a movie:

Movie title: None
Director: Buracz Bosnitz
Country: Czech Republic
Length: 908 hours
Year: 1968

Movie title: The Cure for Insomnia
Director: John Henry Timmis IV
Country: USA
Length: 85 hours or 5220 minutes
Year: 1987

Our winner...

Movie title: The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
Director: Peter Jackson
Country: USA
Length: 4 hours 10 minutes
Year: 2004

So what is the longest movie title ever?

This is an easy one:

Title: Night of the Day of the Dawn of the Son of the Bride of the Return of the Revenge of the Terror of the Attack of the Evil, Mutant, Alien, Flesh Eating, Hellbound, Zombified Living Dead Part 2: In Shocking 2-D

Director: Lowell Mason
Year: 1991
Words in title: 41
Characters in title: 208 including spaces, 168 without

Notes: Basically this movie is a remake of 'Night of the Living Dead' with a new soundtrack added.

What is the world's longest name of a country?

UK may very well be the shortest, but it is also the longest, in English at least. The official name is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is 56 characters long including spaces and 48 characters without.

Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma also known as Libya is the world's longest country name at 74 characters with spaces and 63 characters without.

So what exactly was the longest train in the world?

The longest train ever was a freight train:

Length: 7.353 KM
# of cars: 682
# of engines: 8 diesel/electric
Company: BHP Iron Ore
Location: Port Hedland, Australia
Length of trip: 275 KM - 171 Miles
Date of trip: June 21 2001

Popes of the Roman Catholic Church

Popes of the Roman Catholic Church

Peter •Linus •Anacletus •Clement I •Evaristus •Alexander I •Sixtus I •Telesphorus •Hyginus •Pius I •Anicetus • Soter • Eleuterus • Victor I • Zephyrinus • Callixtus I • Urban I • Pontian • Anterus • Fabian • Cornelius • Lucius I • Stephen I • Sixtus II • Dionysius • Felix I • Eutychian • Caius • Marcellinus • Marcellus I • Eusebius • Miltiades • Silvester I • Mark • Julius I • Liberius • Damasus I • Siricius • Anastasius I • Innocent I • Zosimus • Boniface I • Celestine I • Sixtus III • Leo I • Hilarius • Simplicius • Felix III • Gelasius I • Anastasius II • Symmachus • Hormisdas • John I • Felix IV • Boniface II • John II • Agapetus I • Silverius • Vigilius • Pelagius I • John III • Benedict I • Pelagius II • Gregory I • Sabinian • Boniface III • Boniface IV • Adeodatus I • Boniface V • Honorius I • Severinus • John IV • Theodore I • Martin I • Eugene I • Vitalian • Adeodatus II • Donus • Agatho • Leo II • Benedict II • John V • Conon • Sergius I • John VI • John VII • Sisinnius • Constantine • Gregory II • Gregory III • Zachary • Stephen II • Paul I • Stephen III • Adrian I • Leo III • Stephen IV • Paschal I • Eugene II • Valentine • Gregory IV • Sergius II • Leo IV • Benedict III • Nicholas I • Adrian II • John VIII • Marinus I • Adrian III • Stephen V • Formosus • Boniface VI • Stephen VI • Romanus • Theodore II • John IX • Benedict IV • Leo V • Sergius III • Anastasius III • Lando • John X • Leo VI • Stephen VII • John XI • Leo VII • Stephen VIII • Marinus II • Agapetus II • John XII • Leo VIII • Benedict V • John XIII • Benedict VI • Benedict VII • John XIV • John XV • Gregory V • Silvester II • John XVII • John XVIII • Sergius IV • Benedict VIII • John XIX • Benedict IX • Silvester III • Benedict IX • Gregory VI • Clement II • Benedict IX • Damasus II • Leo IX • Victor II • Stephen IX • Nicholas II • Alexander II • Gregory VII • Victor III • Urban II • Paschal II • Gelasius II • Callixtus II • Honorius II • Innocent II • Celestine II • Lucius II • Eugene III • Anastasius IV • Adrian IV • Alexander III • Lucius III • Urban III • Gregory VIII • Clement III • Celestine III • Innocent III • Honorius III • Gregory IX • Celestine IV • Innocent IV • Alexander IV • Urban IV • Clement IV • Gregory X • Innocent V • Adrian V • John XXI • Nicholas III • Martin IV • Honorius IV • Nicholas IV • Celestine V • Boniface VIII • Benedict XI • Clement V • John XXII • Benedict XII • Clement VI • Innocent VI • Urban V • Gregory XI • Urban VI • Boniface IX • Innocent VII • Gregory XII • Martin V • Eugene IV • Nicholas V • Callixtus III • Pius II • Paul II • Sixtus IV • Innocent VIII • Alexander VI • Pius III • Julius II • Leo X • Adrian VI • Clement VII • Paul III • Julius III • Marcellus II • Paul IV • Pius IV • Pius V • Gregory XIII • Sixtus V • Urban VII • Gregory XIV • Innocent IX • Clement VIII • Leo XI • Paul V • Gregory XV • Urban VIII • Innocent X • Alexander VII • Clement IX • Clement X • Innocent XI • Alexander VIII • Innocent XII • Clement XI • Innocent XIII • Benedict XIII • Clement XII • Benedict XIV • Clement XIII • Clement XIV • Pius VI • Pius VII • Leo XII • Pius VIII • Gregory XVI • Pius IX • Leo XIII • Pius X • Benedict XV • Pius XI • Pius XII • John XXIII • Paul VI • John Paul I • John Paul II • Benedict XVI

Mossad

The 'Mossad' Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations
Established:	December 1949
Director:	Meir Dagan
Deputy Director:	Classified
Associate Director for Military Support:	Classified
Director of Intelligence:	Classified
Director of S&T:	Classified
Director of Support:	Classified
Director of the CSI:	Classified
Director of Public Affairs:	PM Office
Inspector General:	SC Office
General Counsel:	Classified
Budget:	Classified
Number of employees:	Classified

Ha-Mosad le-Modi'in u-le-Tafkidim Meyuhadim (help·info) (Hebrew: המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, The Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations, often referred to as The Mossad, meaning The Institute) is Israel's intelligence agency and is responsible for intelligence collection, counter-terrorism, covert operations such as paramilitary activities, and the facilitation of aliyah where it is banned. It is one of the several main Intelligence Community intelligence entities in Israel, such as Aman (military intelligence) and Shin Bet (internal security), but its director reports directly to the Prime Minister. Its role and function is like that of the CIA in the USA or MI6 in the United Kingdom.

Note that the name "Mossad" is usually preceded by the definite article "the", Shin Bet may or may not be preceded by the definite article ("the Shin Bet", or "Shin Bet"), and Aman is never preceded by the definite article "the".

History

The Mossad was formed in December 1949 as the "Central Institute for Coordination", at the recommendation of Reuven Shiloah to Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion. Shiloah wanted a central body to coordinate and improve cooperation between the existing security services — the army's intelligence department (AMAN), the General Security Service (GSS or "Shin Bet") and the foreign office's "political department". In March 1951, it was reorganized and made a part of the prime minister's office, reporting directly to the prime minister. Its current staff is estimated at approximately 1,200. Its motto is be-'éyn tahbūlōt yīpōl `ām; ū-teshū`āh be-rōv yo'éts (Hebrew: באין תחבולות יפול עם, ותשועה ברוב יועץ, "14"For lack of guidance a nation falls, but many advisers make victory sure." - Proverbs XI, 14).

Structure

From its headquarters in the Israeli city of Tel Aviv, the Mossad oversees a staff estimated at approximately 1200 personnel. The Mossad is a civilian service, and does not use military ranks, although most of its staff have served in the Israel Defense Forces as part of Israel's compulsory draft system, and many of them are officers. It is assumed to consist of eight different departments.

The largest is Collections, tasked with many aspects of conducting espionage overseas. Employees in the Collections Department operate under a variety of covers, including diplomatic and unofficial. Their field intelligence officers, called katsas, are similar to case officers of the CIA. Thirty to forty operate at a time, mainly in Europe and the Middle East.

The Political Action and Liaison Department is responsible for working both with allied foreign intelligence services, and with nations that have no normal diplomatic relations with Israel.

Among the departments of the Mossad is the Special Operations Division or '"Metsada", which is involved in assassination, paramilitary operations, sabotage, and psychological warfare. Psychological warfare is also a concern of the Lohamah Psichlogit Department, which conducts propaganda and deception activities as well.

Additionally, the Mossad has a Research Department, tasked with intelligence production, and a Technology Department concerned with the development of tools for Mossad activities.

High profile operations

The Mossad's many endeavors in serving Israel's security interests have earned the Mossad a reputation for being extremely effective as an intelligence agency. Controversy exists over cases where it has employed the tactics of kidnapping and assassination.

Successful operations

• The deliverance of the Secret Speech of Nikita Khrushchev to the hands of the CIA in 1956 (commonly misattributed to the Mossad, but actually a Shin Bet success).

• Located and captured Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann. In 1960, the Mossad discovered that Eichmann was in Argentina and through surveillance, they confirmed that he had been living there under the name of Ricardo Klement. He was captured by a team of Mossad agents on May 11, 1960, and subsequently smuggled to Israel. A second plan to capture Josef Mengele was aborted.

• Procured French Mirage III plans, leading to the development of the Kfir in the 1960's.

• Directed missions for Israeli spy Wolfgang Lotz in Egypt 1957-1965.

• Directed missions for Israeli spy Eli Cohen in 1964, who provided vast amounts of valuable intelligence. Eli Cohen was, however, caught in 1965 by the KGB in Syria while it was monitoring radio frequencies.

• Assisted in the defection and rescuing the family of Munir Redfa, an Iraqi pilot who defected and flew his MiG 21 to Israel in 1966.

• Provided key intelligence on the Egyptian Air Force for Operation Focus, the opening airstrike of the Six-Day War.

• Removed five missile boats from the French shipyard of Cherbourg which were paid for by the Israeli government but were not delivered due to the French arms embargo in 1969.

• Operation Bulmus 6 - Intelligence assistance in the Commando Assault on Green Island, Egypt during the War of Attrition.

• Assassination of those belonging to Black September which was responsible for the Munich massacre at the 1972 Olympic Games, called "Operation Wrath of God".

• Intelligence and operational assistance in 1973 Operation Spring of Youth.

• Provided intelligence of Entebbe International Airport and received refueling rights in Kenya for Operation Entebbe in 1976.

• Assassination of PFLP and PFLP-EO leader Wadie Haddad in 1978.

• Assassination of As-Sa'iqa leader Zuhayr Muhsin in 1979.

• Operation Sphinx - Between 1978 and 1981, obtained highly sensitive information about Iraq's Osirak nuclear reactor by recruiting an Iraqi nuclear scientist in France. On April 5, 1979, the Mossad destroyed 60 percent of the Iraqi reactor components being built in France; "[An] environmental organization named Groupe des écologistes français, unheard of before this incident, claimed credit for the blast." With the help of a French recruit, Damien Chaussepied (a technician), who placed homing beacons on site, the reactor was subsequently destroyed by an Israeli airstrike in 1981 (Chaussepied was also killed in the strike).

• Assisted in Operation Moses, the immigration of Ethiopian Jews to Israel in 1984.

• Abducted nuclear technician Mordechai Vanunu in Italy in 1986 after American-Israeli agent Cheryl Bentov lured him from the United Kingdom.

• Tunis Raid - Assassination of Abu Jihad from the Fatah in 1988.

• Alleged assassination of Canadian scientist Gerald Bull, developer of the Iraqi supergun, in 1990. The most common theory is that the Mossad was responsible, and its representatives have all but claimed responsibility for his murder. Others, including Bull's son, believe that the Mossad is taking credit for an act they did not commit to scare off others who may try to help enemy regimes. The alternative theory is that Bull was killed by the CIA. Iraq and Iran are also candidates for suspicion.

• Assisted in air and overland evacuations of the Jews from war-torn Sarajevo to Israel in 1992.

• Assassination of Fathi Shqaqi, the head of Palestinian Islamic Jihad, in 1995.

• Assassination of Hamas leader Izz El-Deen Sheikh Khalil in Damascus in 2004.

• The Mossad has sometimes sent letter bombs to assassination targets, such as during the Wrath of God campaign. Some of these attacks were not fatal, although their purpose might not have been to kill the receiver. Some of the more famous incidents of the Mossad letter bombs were those sent to Nazi war-criminal Alois Brunner and PFLP member Bassam Abu Sharif.

Failed operations

• In July 1973, Ahmed Bouchiki, an innocent Moroccan waiter in Lillehammer, Norway, was killed while walking with his pregnant wife. He had been mistaken for Ali Hassan Salameh, one of the leaders of Black September, the Palestinian group responsible for the Munich massacre, who had been given shelter in Norway. The Mossad agents had used fake Canadian passports, which angered the Canadian government. Six Mossad agents were arrested, and the incident became known as the Lillehammer affair.

• In 1981, fake British passports were discovered in a grocery bag in London, leading to a diplomatic row with Israel over the Mossad's involvement in an attempt to infiltrate the People's Republic of China.

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• In 1997, two Mossad agents were caught in Jordan, which had signed a peace treaty with Israel, on a mission to assassinate Sheikh Khaled Mashal, a leader of Hamas, by injecting him with poison at a pro-Hamas rally in Amman. Again, they were using fake Canadian passports. This led to a diplomatic row with Canada and Jordan, and Israel was forced to provide the poison antidote and release around 70 Palestinian prisoners, in particular the Hamas leader Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, in exchange for the Mossad agents, who would otherwise have faced the death penalty for attempted murder. In March 2004, 7 years after he was released, Yassin was killed in an Israeli helicopter airstrike.

Compromised Mossad Actions

• In July 2004, New Zealand imposed diplomatic sanctions on Israel over an incident in which two Australian based Israelis, Uriel Kelman and Eli Cara, who were allegedly working for the Mossad (Israel denied it), attempted to obtain New Zealand passports fraudulently by claiming the identity of a severely disabled man. Israeli Foreign Minister Silvan Shalom later apologized to New Zealand for their actions. New Zealand cancelled several other passports believed to have been obtained by Israeli agents. Both Kelman and Cara served half of their 6 month sentences and, upon release, were deported to Israel. Two others, an Israeli, Ze'ev Barkan, and a New Zealander, David Reznick, are believed to have been the third and 4th men involved in the passport affair but managed to leave New Zealand before being traced. Amir Lati, 2nd Secretary at the Israeli Embassy in Canberra was later expelled from Australia in January 2005 for reasons still not disclosed by the Australian Government.

Directors of the Mossad

Reuven Shiloah, 1951-1952 Isser Harel, 1952-1963 Meir Amit, 1963-1968

Zvi Zamir, 1968-1974 Yitzhak Hofi, 1974-1982 Nahum Admoni, 1982-1989

Shabtai Shavit, 1989-1996 Danny Yatom, 1996-1998 Ephraim Halevy, 1998-2002

Meir Dagan, 2002-Present

The Mossad in popular culture

• The House on Garibaldi Street - A 1979 movie starring Topol and Martin Balsam, about the Mossad operation in 1960, whereby the Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann was captured and brought to justice in Israel after 15 years in hiding in Argentina.

• The Impossible Spy - A 1987 movie starring John Shea and Eli Wallach (directed by Jim Goddard), about the executed Israeli master spy, Eli Cohen.

• The Man Who Captured Eichmann - A 1996 TV movie starring Robert Duvall and Jeffrey Tambor, that follows the same line as The House on Garibaldi Street.

• Munich - The movie is set after the 1972 Munich massacre and follows a Mossad squad, led by "Avner" (Eric Bana), which is ordered to track down and kill 11 Black September members thought to be responsible for the Israeli athletes' murders.

• Sword of Gideon - The original movie that follows the same line as Munich.

• Les patriotes - A French movie (1994) about the Mossad.

• NCIS - Starting with the third season, NCIS added a character Ziva David, who is a Mossad officer attached to NCIS as a liaison officer. Her father is portrayed as the current director (deputy-director in season 3), and her half-brother was a Mossad agent undercover as a Hamas terrorist. (Comment: Most Israelis who have seen these episodes of NCIS consider the depiction of the Mossad as absurd and somewhat amusing.)

• The Point Men - 2001 movie starring Christopher Lambert.

• Walk on Water - The movie's main character is Eyal, a Mossad agent sent to locate a Nazi war criminal.

• The Little Drummer Girl - 1984 An American actress with a penchant for lying is forceably recruited by the Mossad, the Israeli intelligence agency to trap a Palestinian bomber, by pretending to be the girlfriend of his dead brother. - IMDB

• The Constant Gardener - dialogue on spies:

  • Tessa Quayle: "I thought you spies knew everything, Tim?"

  • Tim Donohue: "Only God knows everything, and he works for Mossad."

• Lucky Number Slevin - The Bodyguards of the character named Fairy are ex-Israeli Mossad

• Spooks (UK TV Series) - Three 2006 episodes featured Mossad operations: first a 2-parter violent Black op takeover of a Saudi trade meeting in the guise of Al Qaeda terrorists (episodes 6 and 7), and an effort to execute members of an imaginary militant Christian organisation in the following episode.

• Triple (Book by Ken Follet) - The main character, Nat Dickstein, works for the Mossad performing a mission with the purpose of stealing 100 tons of uranium into Israel.

Conspiracy theories

Like other intelligence agencies, the Mossad has frequently been the subject of unsubstantiated conspiracy theories. This has included purported involvement in the John F. Kennedy assassination, the death of Princess Diana, the assassination of Elie Hobeika, and more recently the September 11th attacks and the assassination of Rafik Hariri.

A commonly circulated internet myth incorrectly attributes the motto; "By way of deception, thou shalt do war", to the Mossad.